Parkinsons Disease Essay -- Medical Medical Medicine Essays Treatment

Parkinsons maladyParkinsons Disease (PD), the shaking palsy first described by crowd together Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects in upwards of 1.5 million Americans. The disease begins to occur around age 40 and has incidence with affected role age. unmatchable survey found that PD may affect 1% of the population over 60. Incidence seems to be more prominent in men, and tends to progress to fatuity and death over one or two decades. Clinical diagnosis of PD is currently solely dependent on the presentation of the symptoms by the enduring which reflect a deficiency of striatal dopamine caused by the destruction of the cells in the substantia nigra. Imaging and other laboratory techniques can be used to rule come issue of the closet other disorders, but are not necessary for the actual diagnosis of PD. The first sign of PA is usually bradykinesia. Movements are usually quite slow. social function activities may require deliberate plann ing and thought for execution. Difficulty initiating movements or akinesia, may also be present. Rigidity in the flexors is also present. This is due to an overstate response to normal proprioceptive return from the somatic musculature. A resting tremor of 3-6 Hz is also a prominent feature of PD. This may cause difficulties in handwriting as a symptom. Impaired postural reflexes is also a presenting feature in PD. Patients can easily lose their balance when pushed slightly, and may aim to be caught to keep from falling. These signs can be tested by observing the patients walking, getting out of deep chairs, and performing rapid repetitive movements. Increased disturbances in cognitive abilities can also show evidence of PD. Even with all these signs of PD, it may be present and undiagnosed f... ...ly researched today. Hopefully, the disease will soon be able to be diagnosed early enough that its progression can be stopped and be cured. With current research and development, this day may soon come. deeds CitedJenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death -in Parkinsons disease. Journal of Neurology Neurosurqerv, and Psychiatry (1989) 22-28. Korczyr., A. D. Autonomic Nervous System Disturbances in Parkinsons Disease. Advances in Neurology, 53 (1990) 463-68. Kingston, J. W. Current theories on the cause of Parkinsons disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psvchiatry, (l989) 13-17. Langston, J. W. and W. C. Koller. The next frontier Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991 5-7. Paulson, G. W. Management of the patient with newly -diagnosed Parkinsons disease. Geriatrics, Feb. 1993 30-40. Parkinsons Disease Essay -- Medical Medical Medicine Essays TreatmentParkinsons DiseaseParkinsons Disease (PD), the shaking palsy first described by crowd together Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects in upwards of 1.5 million Americans. The disease begins to occur around age 40 and has incidence with patient age. hotshot survey found that PD may affect 1% of the population over 60. Incidence seems to be more prominent in men, and tends to progress to idiocy and death over one or two decades. Clinical diagnosis of PD is currently solely dependent on the presentation of the symptoms by the patient which reflect a deficiency of striatal dopamine caused by the destruction of the cells in the substantia nigra. Imaging and other laboratory techniques can be used to rule out other disorders, but are not necessary for the actual diagnosis of PD. The first sign of PA is usually bradykinesia. Movements are usually quite slow. social occasion activities may require deliberate planning and thought for execution. Difficulty initiating movements or akinesia, may also be present. Rigidity in the flexors is also present. This is due to an magnified response to normal proprioceptive return from the somatic musculature. A resting tremor of 3-6 Hz is also a prominent feature of PD. This may cause difficulties in handwriting as a symptom. Impaired postural reflexes is also a presenting feature in PD. Patients can easily lose their balance when pushed slightly, and may requirement to be caught to keep from falling. These signs can be tested by observing the patients walking, getting out of deep chairs, and performing rapid repetitive movements. Increased disturbances in cognitive abilities can also show evidence of PD. Even with all these signs of PD, it may be present and undiagnosed f... ...ly researched today. Hopefully, the disease will soon be able to be diagnosed early enough that its progression can be stopped and be cured. With current research and development, this day may soon come. whole kit and boodle CitedJenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death -in Parkinsons disease. Journal of Neurology Neurosurqerv, and Psychiatry (1989) 22-28. Korczyr., A. D. Autonomic Nervous System Disturbances in Parkinsons Disease. Advances in Neurology, 53 (1990) 463-68. Kingston, J. W. Current theories on the cause of Parkinsons disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psvchiatry, (l989) 13-17. Langston, J. W. and W. C. Koller. The next frontier Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991 5-7. Paulson, G. W. Management of the patient with newly -diagnosed Parkinsons disease. Geriatrics, Feb. 1993 30-40.

Futility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay -- Tolstoy Death Iv

Futility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich Count Leo Tolstoy is considered Russias greatest novelist and matchless of its most influential moral philosophers. As such, he is also one of the most complex individuals for historians of literature to deal with. His early work sought to supersede romanticized glory with realistic views. A good example of this is the way he often portrayed battle as an unglamorous act performed by ordinary men. After his marriage, though, Tolstoy started to reexamine his attitudes towards flavor, especially his moral, social, and educational beliefs (Shepherd 401). Many commentators agree that Tolstoys early study of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau encouraged his rebellious attitude. This new deep-seated dissatisfaction with himself and a long frustrated search for meaning in life, however, led to the crisis Tolstoy described in his Confession and Memoirs of a Madman. In these works he formulated a doctrine to live by based on univers al love, forgiveness, and simplicity (Valente 127). Simplicity and the moral importance of leading a simple life, for Tolstoy, became the only sure way to live a spiritually fulfilled life. After arriving at his doctrine of universal love and simplicity, Tolstoy at first refrained from writing fiction. He redden renounced much of his earlier work as too complex and not morally uplifting. Nevertheless, because of Tolstoys earnest commitment to the view of literary art as a means for bringing important truths to the attention of the reader, he returned to imaginative literature and wrote The Death of Ivan Ilyich to emphasize the message that simple life is best. Tolstoys life led him into all kinds of contradictions--sometimes he believed in fighting, s... ... (qtd, in Jahn 20). It becomes clear then that Ivan Ilyich is brought to a re-evaluation of his past life that the ending is not just a bathetic means of closure, but a miraculous conversion of the dying Ivan Ilyich and his i mportant discovery concerning the moral consequence of living a simple and honest life. flora Cited Gifford, Henry. Tolstoy. Oxford Oxford UP, 1982. Jahn, Gary R. The Death of Ivan Ilich An Interpretation. New York Twayne, 1992. Rowe, William W. Leo Tolstoy. Boston Twayne, 1986. Shepherd, David. Conversion, Reversion and Subversion in Tolstois The Death of Ivan Ilich. The Slavonic and East European Review 71.3 (1993) 401-16. Valente, Luis Ferando. Variations on the Kenotic Hero Tolstoys Ivan Ilych and Guimaraes Rosas Augusto Matraga. Symposium 45.2 (1991) 126-38.

Patriot Essay -- essays research papers

Martin, a veteran of the French and Indian War, thinks of himself as a battle-weary peacenik (his eldest son joins the regular army against his wishes), but if he believes in liberating the colonies from the tyranny of King George III, he believes even more fervently in smiting the holy bejesus out of the soldiers who have torn his family apart. That these downhearted oppressors happen to be the same redcoats who are fighting to quash the American Revolution is, shall we say, a matter of the highest moral convenience. Written by Robert Rodat (Saving Private Ryan) and direct by the heavy-tromping blockbuster maestro Roland Emmerich (Independence Day, Godzilla), The Patriot is set in fields, forests, homes, and backwaters, and theres something at once canny and reductive about the way that it personalizes the bloody birth of a nation. The filmmakers drive in that the last thing contemporary audiences need is another square-shouldered Classics Illustrated lecture that regurgitates th e righteous and idealistic mythology of Why We Fought the British. At the same time, Im not sure that I want my history dragged into the colonial trenches by a filmmaker like Roland Emmerich. The Patriot has some fierce and exciting moments, and its held together by Gibsons haggard slow-burn charisma (he talks in his low voice), but the movie is also demagogic and crude. Its a fife-and-drum Gladiator without elegance -- the Revolutionary War turned into a big, hammerheaded s...

Talk Radio :: essays papers

Talk Radio In Talk Radio, Oliver Stone brings together all venues of imagemaking to capture the story he wants to tell. With tremendous collaboration from the DP, the end product designer, the writer, and the performers, Stone calculated a tight, moving film in high style. Beginning with the script, Stone and Bogosian formed a laborious respect in the character of the piece. They each understood the underlying theme that Barry repeats over and over again. If you dont like it, why dont you turn it off? (sic) They went after(prenominal) the build up of Barrys paranoia and need for voice/attention, knowing all along he would have to die for the film to mean anything. We start the film off in the clutches of its finale the crazed fan waiting for his prey in smoke. It is only until Barry can recognize the error in his ship canal that he can be taken from the world to speak louder than any airwave or radio signal. This is wonderfully shown in the voice montage of callers. The theme of the radio station being a safe world unto its own, where no light penetrates and no one from the real world can gain access, is a wonderful metaphor for Barry himself. A loud talking, overly proud shock jock, who cannot afford to let anyone in. The world of the station has no windows, no warm light, and no ties to the ugly city around it. Barry dresses in black, like the studio, which is set in contempo-modern deco blacks and grays. He talks about subjects no one wants to admit is true. We are everlastingly in shadow, always hearing and watching two different stories, and wondering where itll go. Stone keeps us constantly aware of how Barry affects those around him and at the center of attention. apply moving shots, reflection focus pulls, dimming lights, and split diopters we never lose sight of the choices Barry is making and what its doing to those around him.

Genetics In Life Essay -- essays research papers fc

Genetics In LifeGenetics is the study of the patterns of heritage of specific traits (Poretto). This knowledge could be used to alter the course of a future kind life. This knowledge could even be used to stop a potentially painful life before it starts. Genetic engineering, like any other science, is a tool. Like any other tool Genetic engineer is neither inherently positive nor inherently negative. Genetic engineerings benefits outweigh the potential negatives, and in spite of some people fearing that it is immoral transmissible science needs to be continually developed.The first step in eliminating superstition about a topic is to understand that topic. The origins of genetic history lay in the ancient techniques of selective breeding to yield desired characteristics in offspring. This is a form of genetic manipulation by "employing appropriate selection for physical and behavioral traits" (Gert 2). The work of an Austrian monk by the name of Gregor Mendel establishe d the quantitative discipline of genetics using garden peas. Mendels work explained the inheritance of traits can be stated by factors passed from one generation to the next in other words, genes. The complete set of genes for an organism is called its genome (Congress 3). Traits are inherited through single or multiple genes. The development of these traits can be explained by environment variables (Congress 3). Mendel also correctly surmised that two copies of every factor exist and that one factor of inheritance could be dominant over another (Murphy). The next major step in genetics was deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. DNA, as a part of genes, was discover to be a double helix that encodes the blueprints for all living things (Congress 3). DNA is made of nucleotide chains made of four bases. Any ordered span of bases makes a sequence. These sequences are the instructions that produce molecules and proteins for cellular structure and biochemical functions. DNA is packed into chrom osomes, of which 23 pairs exist in each cell of the human body. One chromosome of each pair is donated from each parent. Any location on a chromosome where inheritance can be identified and tracked is a gull (Murphy). Markers can be expressed areas of genes (DNA) or some segment of DNA with no known coding function but an inheritance can however be traced (Murphy). Genetic mapping requires the use ... .... Genetic research is the present and future of medical science. Fear should not be allowed to stop the development of genetic research.      Works CitedBibliography Congress of the United States. Office of Technology Assessment. Mapping Our Genes Genome Projects, How Big, How Fast?. Johns Hopkins UP Baltimore, 1988.dUsseaux, Francesca Brunetta. Wrongful life and wrongful birth cases a comparative degree approach. N.D. 28, Sept. 2002 .Feinman, Michael. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - PGD. April 2000. 24 Sept. 2002 .Gert, Bernard. Morality and the New Genet ics A Guide for Students and Health Care Providers. Sudbury Jones and Bartlett P, 1996. Kassirer J. P., Rosenthal N. A. Should Human Cloning Research Be Off Limits?N Engl J Med 338905-906 (1998). 15 Oct. 2002 Lee, Thomas F. The Human Genome Project Cracking the Genetic Code of Life. New York Plenum P, 1991. Murphy, Timothy F, and Marc Lappe. Justice and the Human Genome Project. Berkeley U of California P, 1994. Porretto, Denise. Genetics and Your Baby N.D. 1, Sept. 2002 Sowers, Leslie. Genetic Testing Can Hold Keys To Your Health 4 Sept. 1997. 1 Oct. 2002 .

Genetics In Life Essay -- essays research papers fc

transmitteds In LifeGenetics is the study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits (Poretto). This knowledge could be apply to alter the course of a future human life. This knowledge could even be lend oneselfd to stop a potentially painful life in the low gear place it starts. Genetic engineering, like any other science, is a tool. Like any other tool Genetic Engineering is neither inherently positive nor inherently negative. Genetic engineerings benefits outweigh the potential negatives, and in spite of some people fearing that it is immoral genetics needs to be continually developed.The first step in eliminating superstition about a topic is to understand that topic. The origins of genetic history lay in the ancient techniques of selective breeding to offspring desired characteristics in offspring. This is a form of genetic manipulation by "employing appropriate selection for physical and behavioral traits" (Gert 2). The work of an Austrian monk by the name of Gregor Mendel established the quantitative discipline of genetics using garden peas. Mendels work explained the inheritance of traits can be stated by factors passed from one coevals to the next in other words, genes. The complete set of genes for an organism is called its genome (Congress 3). Traits are inherited through single or multiple genes. The development of these traits can be explained by environment variables (Congress 3). Mendel also correctly surmised that two copies of every factor exist and that one factor of inheritance could be dominant over other (Murphy). The next major step in genetics was deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. DNA, as a part of genes, was discovered to be a double genus Helix that encodes the blueprints for all living things (Congress 3). DNA is made of nucleotide chains made of four bases. Any ordered pair of bases makes a sequence. These sequences are the instructions that maintain molecules and proteins for cellular structure and biochemical f unctions. DNA is packed into chromosomes, of which 23 pairs exist in distributively cell of the human body. One chromosome of each pair is donated from each parent. Any location on a chromosome where inheritance can be identified and tracked is a marker (Murphy). Markers can be expressed areas of genes (DNA) or some segment of DNA with no known coding function but an inheritance can still be traced (Murphy). Genetic mapping requires the use ... .... Genetic research is the present and future of medical science. Fear should not be allowed to stop the development of genetic research.      Works CitedBibliography Congress of the United States. theatrical role of Technology Assessment. Mapping Our Genes Genome Projects, How Big, How Fast?. Johns Hopkins UP Baltimore, 1988.dUsseaux, Francesca Brunetta. Wrongful life and wrongful birth cases a comparative approach. N.D. 28, Sept. 2002 .Feinman, Michael. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - PGD. April 2000. 24 Sept. 2 002 .Gert, Bernard. holiness and the New Genetics A Guide for Students and Health Care Providers. Sudbury Jones and Bartlett P, 1996. Kassirer J. P., Rosenthal N. A. Should Human Cloning Research Be Off Limits?N Engl J Med 338905-906 (1998). 15 Oct. 2002 Lee, Thomas F. The Human Genome Project Cracking the Genetic Code of Life. New York Plenum P, 1991. Murphy, Timothy F, and Marc Lappe. Justice and the Human Genome Project. Berkeley U of California P, 1994. Porretto, Denise. Genetics and Your Baby N.D. 1, Sept. 2002 Sowers, Leslie. Genetic Testing Can Hold Keys To Your Health 4 Sept. 1997. 1 Oct. 2002 .

Compare Contrast Perfect Compettiton Essay

A market is any place where the sellers of a particular good or service can meet with the vendees of that goods and service where there is a potential for a transaction to take place. The buyers must have something they can offer in exchange for there to be a potential transaction. commercialise structure Market structure refers to the factors, such as size of the market, technological, address and demand conditions and the barriers to entry and make pass, that would affect the effectiveness of managerial decisions.We can also call back the market structure as describing the state of the market with respect to competition. Market structures Monopoly holy competition Im unadulterated competition Monopolistic competition c Oligopoly Overview Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure. It is primarily used as a benchmark against which other market structures arecompared. The industrythat best reflects undefiled competition in real life is the agricultural industry. For example , As there are millions of farmers who would produce rice & there are millions of claimrs who would consume rice.In this case non a single buyer or seller could influence the wrong of rice. Perfect competition is a competitive market. economist uses the term competitive market to describe a market in which there are so many buyers & so many sellers that severally has a negligible impact on the market set. Characteristics of perfectly competitive market- 1. Large number of buyers & sellers In perfect competition, there must be large number of buyers and sellers. Each buyer buys a small quantity of the total amount.Each seller is so large that no single buyer or seller can influence the price and affect the market. According to Scitovsky buyers and sellers are price takers in the purely competitive market. Each seller (or potent) sells its results at the price determined by the market. Similarly, each buyer buys the commodity at the price determined by the m arket. 2. Homogeneous product Under perfect competition, the product offered for sale by all sellers must be identical in every respect. The goods offered for sale are perfect substitutes of one another(prenominal).Buyers have no extra preference for the product of a particular seller. No seller can raise the price above the prevailing price or lower the price below the prevailing price. 3. Free entry and exit Under perfect competition, there will be no restriction on the entry and exit of both buyers and sellers. If the existing sellers start making abnormal sugar, new sellers should be able to enter the market freely. This will bring down the abnormal profits to the normal level. Similarly, when losses will occur existing sellers may leave the market.However, such free entry or free exit is possible barely in the long run, but not in the short-run. 4. Perfect knowledge Perfect competition implies perfect knowledge on the part of buyers and sellers regarding the market condition s. As results, no buyer will be prepared to pay a price higher than the prevailing price. Sellers will not charge a price higher or lower than the prevailing price. In this market, advertisement has no scope. 5. Perfect mobility of factors of production The second perfection mobility of factors of production from one use to another use.This feature ensures that all sellers or firms get equal advantages so far as services of factors of production are concerned. This is essential to enable the firms and industry to hand equilibrium 6. Absence of transport cost Under perfect competition transport, cost does not exist. Since commodities have, the same price it logically follows that there will be no transport cost. In the event of the presence of cost of transport, there will be no single price in the market. Transport cost occurs when there is no perfect knowledge of the market conditions on the part of buyers and sellers. .No attachment There is no attachment between the buyers and s ellers under perfect competition. Since products of all sellers are identical and their prices are the same a buyer is free to buy the commodity from any seller he likes. He has no special inclination for the product of any seller as in case of monopolistic competition or oligopoly. Theoretically, perfect competition is irrelevant. In reality, it does not exist. So it is a myth Profit maximization for a competitive firm The goal of any competitive firm is to make profit.Three prevalent rules for profit maximization under perfect competition are stated as follows -If the marginal revenue is greater then marginal cost the firm should increase the output -If marginal cost is greater then greater then marginal cost the firm should decrease output -At profit maximising level of output, marginal revenue & marginal cost are exactly same Example Profit maximization for a perfectly competitive market.

Ten Most Beautiful Experiments

Science in all of its forms and varieties has surpassed legion(predicate) events that surrender changed its path and the way many individuals view the art. The experiments behind the many concepts of science come along all together complicated and uninteresting when viewed with the naked eye. But, when the cloth is pulled away from the shun reality we real see what a beautiful experiment is. In the eye of a scientist, beauty lies in the simplicity and ingenuity of the design, and the unambiguous result that opens a new world of understanding.In George Johnsons obligate, The Ten Most charming Experiments, he explores the difficult experiments and explains them in the simplest form. This book establishes a state of wide-eyed wonder by means of white brighten split into a rainbow, locating neural impulse in our own neck, and allows us to peer through a microscope or fire up a Bunsen burner for the very first time. The ideas of many cognise figures such as Galileo, Newton, and Pavlov, as well as many unsung heroes such as Harvey, Galvani, Joule, and many more are explored in this simple unless enticing book.The first chapter describes Galileos studying operation by focusing on a ballock experiment instead of the famed Galileo dropping things from the leaning tower of Pisa. In fact in this book Johnson believes that the w seaman phenomenon never happened and instead focuses on the science of the matter. Galileo carved a groove down the spirit of a board about 20 feet long and 10 inches wide. Then he propped it at an angle and timed how quickly the balls rolled down the track. What he discovered was that the distance the ball travels is proportional to the square of the time that has elapsed.Along the balls path, he move cat-gut frets, like those on a lute. As the rolling ball clicked against the frets, Galileo sang a tune, using the upbeats to time the motion. This series of events allowed Galileo to show that heavier disapproves do not fall faster than light ones and to figure out the math for the acceleration of falling bodies. The second chapter describes how William Harvey showed that one form of blood circulates throughout the body, not two. How did an individual display such a complex finding, Harvey had the help of a snake. He needed to observer the flow of blood at a slower pace than many had tested before.Which gave him the idea to use a reptile since they have colder blood, which made its means beat more leisurely Harvey sliced open a live snake and, while pinching its or master(prenominal) vein, watched as the heart into which it pumped blood grew paler and smaller. He then pinched the snakes main artery and saw how obstructing the flow caused the heart to swell. When Harvey released the grip, the heart refilled and sprung back to life. Pinching the hearts main artery had the opposite effect where the space among heart and forceps became gorged with blood, inflating like a balloon.It was the heart, was the drivi ng motor, pushing red blood to the extremities of the body. By completing his extremist experiment Harvey proved that blood circulated an idea that was so far-fetched managed to overturn the assertion of Galen. In fact Galen had taught that the body contains two separate vascular systems. The first was a blue vegetative fluid, the elixir of nourishment and growth, coursed through the veins. The second was a bright red vital fluid travelled through the arteries, activating the muscles and bear upon motion.Invisible spirits, or pneuma, caused the fluids to slosh back and forth like the tides. The third chapter describes one of the most famed scientists of all time Sir Isaac Newton. He had many discoveries some relating to gravity, calculus, and light spectrums. Newton carefully reviewed what others before him had found and added some observations of his own. In Newtons day, Europes great scientists believed that white light was pure and fundamental. When it bounced off a colored ob ject or passed through a tinted liquid or glass, it became stained somehow with color.Newton cut a hole in his window shutter and held a prism in the path of the sun, spreading the light into a spectrum. Then he funneled the spectrum through a second prism. He allowed the colors to pass, one by one, through the second prism. Starting at the red end and progressing toward the blue, each color was bent a little more by the glass. by dint of this usance Newton had discovered that light consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of different rays. The fourth chapter describes Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier who changed the possible action of ash by discovering oxygen.In his experiment he took atomic number 80 and horninessed it in a closed beaker, to develop an almost closed system. Lavoisier heated this until a crust formed or calx which is a flushed color in mercury. After a few days of doing this when he wasnt producing anymore of the calx, he skimmed it off and isolated it. He placed the isolated mercury in a flask and heated it until it started giving off a gas. He noted that it burned with a dazzling genius. Calx was not metal without phlogiston, but metal combined with name oxygen. Left behind in the flask was a gas that extinguished flames, directly called nitrogen.Lavoisier discovered the nature of oxidation and the chemical composition of the air. The fifth chapter and probably one of the most interesting was of Luigi Galvani the man who accidently discovered animal electricity. Galvani found, the frogs nog would move, seemingly of its own accord, as it hung from a hook, even in the clearest weather. His fellow citizen Volta was assured that electricity was produced by the touching of two different metals. In this exemplar was the frogs leg had hung on a brass hook from an iron rail, virtually being non-biological.Volta confirmed that electricity can indeed come from two metals through his invention of the battery, while Galvani went on to show that there is electricity in the body. He took a dissected frog and nudged a severed nerve against other using a probe made of glass. No metal was involved, but when nerve touched nerve, the muscle contracted as if someone had closed a switch. The sixth chapter describes Michael Faraday who had performed a suite of experiments showing the linkage among electricity and magnetism. Throughout these experiments he invented the the electric motor and the dynamo.Using an Argand oil lamp, Faraday projected polarized light through a block of glass, alongside of which sat a powerful electromagnet. Holding a polarizing filter, called a Nicol prism, to his eye, he rotated it until the light was extinguished. Then he switched on the current. The image of the flame suddenly reappeared. He turned the magnet off and the flame disappeared. The magnetic field, he realized, was twisting the light beam and if the sign of the zodiac of the field was reversed, the light beam rotated the other way.Faraday had u nified two more forces, demonstrating that light was actually a form of electromagnetism. The seventh chapter was on crowd Joule and how he discovered that heat was just not nay simple thing but a form of motion. Joules effort to show that heat and work are related ways of converting energy into motion. This is probably why energy and work are measured in Joules. He took it upon himself to test the theory of caloric or invisible heat in which it will rise up the shaft until you can feel the warmth in the handle.According to this theory, the crusade something gets hot when you rub it is because you abrade the surface and let some caloric out. However Joule tested this theory by a rigging of pulleys and weights, he spun a paddle wheel inside a vessel of water supply and carefully measured the change in temperature. The motion of the paddle made the water warmer, and the relationship was precise where raising one pound of the liquid by one degree took 772 foot-pounds of work. The ei ghth chapter discusses Albert Abraham Michelson and he set out to prove the humankind of the aether.This substance was the fixed backdrop of the universe in which our planet swam as it moved through space. In his apparatus, two beams of light travelled in orthogonal directions. The beam moving upstream with the earths orbit was slowed by the wind of the aether, while the other beam should be less affected. By comparing their velocities with an interferometer, Michelson would calculate the motion of the Earth, but the speed of the two beams was the same. With help from Edward Morley, Michelson made the measurements much more precisely. Still there was not a hint of aether.In fact, the experiment was a beautiful failure. The ninth chapter discussed mans best friend thanks to Ivan Pavlov, who had shown how learning was a matter of creatures forming new connections in a living machine. inappropriate to legend, Pavlov hardly ever used bells in his experiments with salivating dogs. He conditioned the animals to distinguish between objects rotating clockwise or counter-clockwise, between a circle and an ellipse, even between subtle shades of gray. First, a dog was trained to salivate when it heard an ascending scale, but not a descending one.The melodies were played and the spittle collected. Through simple conditioning, the dog had categorized the music it heard into two groups, depending on whether the pitches were predominantly rising or falling. The mind had lost a bit of its mystery, The ordinal chapter or final experiment was on Robert Millikan and how he showed that charge, came in discrete quantities. Millikans used two round brass plates, with the top one having a hole drilled through the centre. Both plates were mounted on a stand and illuminated from the side by a bright light. The plates were then connected to a 1,000-volt battery.With a perfume atomizer, Millikan sprayed a mist of oil above the apparatus and watched through a telescope as some of the droplets fell into the area between the plates. As he jerked the voltage, he watched as some drops were pushed slowly upward while others were pulled down. Their passage through the atomizer had ionized them, giving the drops negative or positive charges. Thus resulting in what we now call electrons. Johnsons book makes one wonder whether contemporary science might benefit from a bit of the furore and poverty that helped shape these ten beautiful experiments. One might even ask why these and why not include women.Johnson did not play favorites in fact he even mentioned how at one point after publishing the book he had second guessed himself but either way the book accomplished one thing of any. It accomplished in teaching me how the things that I take a mere facts were the hard work of trial and error of many individuals. Such as Harvey for example who proved that blood circulates in one form throughout the body. Something that I just take as a effrontery and dont consider the am ount of work needed to formulate this conclusion. Johnson put it in such a simple context that appreciating the work was truly beautiful.

Kardell Paper Company Decision Essay

The Board of directors of Kardell Paper Comp any(prenominal) should accept the installation of the new processing technology witch protects the environment by refining the fellowships waste water .Implementing this new technology will increase the companys long- term profit king and reputation by providing enough power and ability to compete and operate efficiently in the future market.This ethical solution is offered, after analyzing Kardells board of directors end to refuse the new technology due to its gritty turn over costs. The impacts of this decision on the companys primary stakeholders is studied c atomic number 18fully by using the 5-question ethical approach. The assessment has been do by comparing the profitability, legality, fairness and rightness of the companys decision and its impacts on major groups of stakeholders and their pursuals.IntroductionThe Kardell Paper Company (KPC) is a publicity traded company with good financial record and a profit of $1.7 million per year.Kardells original mill which is not designed with accordance to high environmental fortress standards, is located near the Riverside, a federation of 22,000 residents (Brooks 371) The local community has been suffering from an unusually high rate of miscarriages and respiratory disorders since 1985. in that locationfore,in the same year, a research has been make on the water sample of the river which showed high level of industrial chemical called sonox.Also,it was discovered that the plant lab failed to mention the high sonox level in its periodic report to the managers. However, after informing the CEO and the Board of Direcors, no serious action has been taken to solve this problem and proven the situation. They failed to undertake an appropriate environmental audit and even refused the practicable solution of adopting a new technology to refine the companys waste water.(Brooks 372)The IssuesIn fact, KPCs board of directors face two major problems in adopting th e new technology. First, the $70 million cost of implementing the new technology which would affect the productivity and profitability of the company. Second, the issue of unemployment and job exit that will occur, as a result of shutting down during the supply.To analyze and asses KPCs decision, the 5-question framework will be used. This approach requires identifying the companys al more or less important stakeholders, prioritizing their interests and applying five questions to examine the impacts of the companys decision on each stakeholders group (Tucker 348).Identification of Stakeholders and their InterestsAccording to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), companies ar concerned for the well(p) be of the people, society and the environment (Brooks 399). Therefore, identification of all the stakeholders and their concerns are quite important for analyzing companies business decisions and ensure their long term success. The most important stakeholder groups that are i mpacted by KPCs decision can be recognized and ranked as follow.Current and Future ShareholdersThe impact on this group measures in terms of profit or loss. In this case, current shareholders will face a bypass-term reduction in the dividend payments due to the high cost of adopting the new processing technology ($70 million) and the probability of capacity level reduction during the retrofit. However, if the decision becomes known, the company whitethorn end up paid high clean up and compensation costs as well as Governmental fines.On the other hand, the future shareholders such(prenominal) as ethical investors are more interested in long-term profits and give more value to moral and ethical behavior of the company.KPCs Employees and Labor UnionThey may potentially get unemployed or receive less salaries and benefits due to the productivity reduction during the retrofit. However, KPC is putting its employees and their familys life at risk by being the source of harmful emission a nd keep polluting their environment.Therefore, by refusing to install the new technology, KPC is ensuring the employees job and salaries at the expense of ignoring their core human rights such as right to good health.KPCs ManagementsThis group consists of the companys Executive Officers and other managers who receive generous bonuses and benefits. They seek for short term profit without pay enough attention to the long term consequences of their decision. They have ignored the risks that are involved upon revelation of their decision by whistle blowers such as possible clean up costs as well as negative reaction of the community by boycotting the companys products.Local CommunityThere is no dubiousness that KPC has CSR toward the community and at that placefore must ensure the business continues operating to create wealth and to build good reputation (Brooks 399). As the local community is suffering from the side effects of the high sonox level in the water, KPC has to act respon sible ,honest and reliable to solve their problem. On the other hand, the local community might be highly dependant on the company as a main source of income in the area and would severely suffer during the retrofit. But, thither is no doubt that saving their lives and living environment should be the companys first priority.GovernmentAs the Government wants the health and well being of the society and protectthem from harm, it would like KPC to invest in the technology and bring down the number of sick people. Also, this might be to the government benefit as it would reduce the health cost.As it has explained, KPCs primary stakeholders consist of different groups with various interests .For being able to asses the impact of the companys decision, the fundamental interest of the stakeholders should be taken into consideration. The decision should maximize the well-offness of all stakeholders, should result in a fair distribution of benefits and burdens, and as well as should not of fend any of the rights of stakeholders (Brooks 336).Considering the supra mentioned criterias, even though the proposed decision may maximize some current shareholders and managers profits, but it is defiantly not fair or profitable for the other employees and the community.Moreover, KPC is anger the core human rights of the residents and its employees by jeopardizing their lives and health. Unquestionably those rights should be the companys first and principle concerns.Application of the 5-Question Approach1- ProfitabilityThere is no doubt that the refusal of installing the new processing technology which cost $70 million and results in shutting down the firm, will be profitable in short term and will also reduce the risk of economic loss.However,the likelihood of the decision becoming public by either whistle blowers or ethical shareholders has to be estimated. In this case, KPC might face serious problems such as loosing the community support, paying high compensations and clean up costs as well as possible future lawsuits for damaging the environment.Consequently, adopting the new technology will be more cost benefit in long term.Moreover, KPC will be able to offset some costs by reclaiming waste material and sell it to chemical producers (Brooks 372).2- LegalityThe KPCs decision might not be illegal at the moment as it complies with the existing governmental limits and environmental regulations. But due to high number of miscarriages, birth defects and respiratory aliments in the area, there is no doubt that the government will tighten the standards to limit the sonox emission in near future. Therefore, KPC should make a proactive decision to reduce any chance of probable lawsuits.Also, according to the Golden Rules KPC managers should treat the community as they want to be treated (Hunt and Cox 22). Also, KPC should give priority to the values such as Integrity, honesty, Responsibility, Predictability and try to apply more ethical principles and ground rules to implement those values.3-FairnessWhile the deferment decision may considered fair and profitable for shareholders and managers, it is unfair for majority of stakeholders With regard to CSR ,KPC is not only responsible to make profit for its shareholders but also committed to various stakeholders (Brooks 359).Also, the even distribution of benefits and interests among all stakeholders a should be taken into consideration.If,this unfair treatment becomes public, it may result in severe reaction from the injured parties which will cause business failure.4- Impact on RightsAs it has described, the proposed decision had negative impact on the rights of several stakeholder groups in terms of life, health, safty and security.KPC has negatively affected the health and well being of the society and its employees by potentially polluting their environment .Therefore, KPCs decision would be considered unethical. It has failed to respect the stakeholders values and preserve their heal th and safety rights, by not disclosing appropriate information to the public and also not taking the necessary steps to solve its technical problem.5-Is It Sustainable Development?From the environmental prospective, KPC has to operate in accordance with high environmental tax shelter standards. In order to prosper and progress in future, the company has to equip itself with the newest technology and skills required to keep the environment safe and sound.Conclusions and RecommendationsThe analysis has shown that, although KPCs decision to defer the installation of the new processing technology might promise the short term profitability of the company and guarantee the shareholders interests and can be indoors governmental limits at the presents, it is not fair or right to the other stakeholders. Moreover, with regard to the valid probability of the decision revelation as well as the cost -benefit analysis, the long profitability of KPC might be at risk .The company may end up with paying high clean up costs and expenses. Consequently, KPCs decision is unethical and may result in future public negative reaction and failure.The above mentioned facts and consequences should be fully taken into consideration by the Board of directors.Therefor,Kardells board of directors should act immediately and solve the pollution problem by adopting the new processing technology and judge the fact that the companys long term success and productivity depends on this action.In addition, KPC can resolve the probable job loss and unemployment during the retrofit by providing employees with early retirement packages or even ask the government to assist those employees with the unemployment insurance.

Nick in the opening chapter of “The Great Gatsby” Essay

break off Carraway is the narrator of The Great Gatsby. He begins the novel by talking about himself he says that he is very tolerant, and has a tendency to modestness judgment. The opening divides teach us a lot about chip off and his attitude toward Gatsby and others. Nick introduces himself to us as a young man from the middle west who has come East to learn. He tells us that hes tolerant, inclined to reserve judgment about people, and a good listener. People tell him their secrets beca consumption they admire and trust him. If you read closely, youll see that Nick has an uncertain feeling toward Gatsby, almost as if he himself (who knows the story and its ending) doesnt know what to expect.From the novels opening paragraph onward, this will continue create tension in Nicks narrative. He both loves Gatsby and is critical of him. He hates Gatsbys crass and vulgar attitude, just now he also admires the man for his aspirations. Specifically, Gatsbys romantic readiness, and his extraordinary gift for hope.The reader realises that Gatsby presented, and still presents, a challenge or opposition to the way in which Nick is accustomed to thinking about the world. It is clear from the storys opening moments that Gatsby is not quite how he appears on the outside. Despite being vulgar, Nick describes Gatsbys personality as gorgeous.The novels characters atomic number 18 obsessed by class and privilege. Its the high-class lives that intrigue the common man, an idea which continues today with the footballers wives culture.Our first run across of Tom Buchanan shows a powerful man standing in riding clothes with his legs apart on his front porch. The riding clothes be a classic symbol or high-status. Tom exploits his status. He is horrible, completely lacking positive aspects. His wife describes him as a big, hulking physical specimen, and he seems to use his size to dominate others. The fact that Daisy chooses to comment on his size rather than personality insinu ates that there is nothing good about his personality to comment on. We are ushered into the living room with its frosted wedding cake ceiling, its wine coloured rug, and its enormous sofa on which are seated two women in white.They are Jordan Baker and Toms wife, Daisy Buchanan. Fitzgerald controls the whole scene through his use of colours. White and gold suggest a combination of beauty, cleanliness, innocence and wealth. Underneath this handsome surface there is something wrong. Jordan is bored and unamused.She yawns a few times. There is something slightly unpleasant about the atmosphere. The telephone rings, and Tom is called from the room to answer it. When Daisy follows him out, Jordan Baker confides to Nick that the call is from Toms woman in New York.Daisy Buchanan stands in contrast to her husband. She is frail and shy, and actually doesnt seem completely shallow. She laughs at every opportunity. This makes me admire if its an awkward laugh, perhaps she doesnt feel she b elongs there? Though she remarks that everything is in decline, she does so only in order to seem to agree with her husband. The visual purity of Daisy and Jordan stands in contrast to their actual decadence and corruption.Nick arrives home, and gets his first glimpse of Gatsby. Gatsby is standing on the lawn, stretching out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way. Nick believes that he can see Gatsby trembling. As Nick looks out at the water, he can see nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock.Bibliography-F Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby Ch. 1

District team

This is based on articulation levels in boast so they encourage people that dont unravel sport that often or those that by and large doesnt play sports at all to get active. Performance This is to improve the athletes performance as they already take part and are familiar in the sport this would happen by regular practice, competition or skill training. An example of this would be county trials when they identify potential talent within the team that they could work with to make improvements that they can move up to the excellence level. Excellence This is at national and international level that willing practice for championships round the world.The UK sport is in accommodate at the excellence level of a range of sports so they made some rules about the support of funding and training for athletes. These are to help relegate the athlete through to the next two stages, development of the athlete to reach the podiums and finally support them with realistic medal potential. Netb all Foundation- This is the introduction of the sport and where they could take netball into a further career. In school they would start to play netball, they could participate in the sport on the playground with friends or in PEE lessons.They will defraud the basic skills needed for netball which is throwing the ball. The to a greater extent that they participate in sports when younger they are more likely to carry it on into older ages. Participation- This stage is probably happens when you eldest start secondary school and this is where they would take part in after school activities. At the after school clubs it is an opportunity to all year groups. This is facultative to go to therefore the student continue to return due to physical, mental or social reasons. Performance- The age range is round 13 when they start to play for an academy, county or district team.This requires a lot more commitment as you would need to turn up to training as it isnt optional any more and more times in a week needed to participate. In the teams you will be with the same age range, performance and skill level. Excellence- This is where you go to competitions to cope against top teams. This is where you will find the top players performing. This is the highest level that you can reach in netball and only the ones who put time and effort in to the sport will get these rewards.

Major Trends in 21st Century in ESL

Teaching students to be literate is a high educational priority throughout the world. Though this sector is one of our greatest priorities, it is also one of our greatest challenges. The classroom environment has changed from many years ago. Teachers face the challenges of a large population who do non speak English and have high transient rates. For this large population, becoming proficient in a new language is a very strong transition. This process bed be frustrating and abouttimes painful. Students learning a new language need as oftentimes language support as possible.Those who have taught students learning English as their second language know that any language support is befriendful for their language acquisition. English language scholarly person (ELL) students need a variety of language experiences. They need to hear language, write language, speak language and read language. Nowadays it is believe that computers and some other gadgets push aside play an integral pa rt in providing ESL students with worth(predicate) language experiences as they learn a new language. Inter bustling whiteboards and iPad Interactive whiteboards ar the most invaluable digital resource in the classroom. hiteboards discount be a vehicle to access online masteryal and professional development resources and though tablet-style eReader devices such as apples iPad havent been around for long, theyre already considered the second most social functionful mobile classroom technology behind laptops, according to some researches. Educators are incorporating more internet-dependent a technology into their instruction, the reason of this is because digital media is a core learning support, nowadays its a core part of a teachers job.Smartphone. A nonher important technology used in classrooms is the Smartphone. Smartphone owners use them on the move to access information and entertainment such as music, audio books, reading, and for viewing photos and video clips. One-th ird of Facebook traffic is now via these devices used simultaneously for instant messaging, email and Twitter. The mobile phone application, or app, brings all the to a higher place to life in one self-contained mini-program. The growth in apps for communication, gaming and simple utility (finding the quickest route on public transport) is phenomenal.Apps are ofttimes seen as synonymous with the iPhone, which has been the leader in this area, but many commentators expect the Android operating system, which works on smartphones from other manufacturers, to overtake Apple. Apps have immense potential for language learning because they allow for multisensory learning on the move for learners to use chunks of time in a wait in line or on public transport. And because smartphones eject store so much data or retrieve it via the internet, apps can serve as rich media dictionaries and reference tools. engine room used to improveVerbal interaction Children need to be able to interact wit h each other so that learning through communication can occur. Computers can facilitate this type of environment. The computer can act as a tool to increase verbal exchange. An example in how effective can computers be for this interaction are computer books, these are interactive stories that appear on the computer screen as an actual book with text and illustrations. in that location are also a variety of interactive choices students can use to read the story, including real voices that read aloud, music, and sound effects.The story is also highlighted so readers can follow along with the text. Verbal interaction and the use of a variety of language functions by English language learners can be facilitated by the use of the computer. The groups computer book reading environment fostered language development by providing an opportunity for verbal interaction. The use of the computer can be a useful supplement to the traditional curriculum of the ELL classroom by promoting verbal communication and the acquisition of English. Vocabulary developmentOne way to use computers for English diction Learners is to teach vocabulary. Students need to learn vocabulary in context and with visual clues to help them understand. Computers can provide this rich, contextual environment. The computer also allows students to become active learners in a one-on-one environment. Computers can incorporate various learning strategies as well as accommodate a variety of learning styles. recital There are several ways in which technology can be used to improve reading ability..Most simple reading texts are also very primary in content. Older children may consider themselves too old to be reading such primary content books. Computers, nevertheless can increase the interest level for older students while keeping the text simple and easy to read. Another benefit of using computers for reading instruction is that the computer offers immediate feedback on performance. They also can provi de added practice when necessary. Computer software and games provide many fun opportunities for students to practice literacy skills.There are numerous software packages for improving spelling, phonics skills, grammar and sight word vocabulary. When English Language Learners are learning their second language, any and all language experiences are valuable to assist in reading ability. Writing As demonstrated, computers and software can help English language learners develop vocabulary skills and knowledge. Computers can also help ELL students develop their writing skills. Writing paragraphs in a language that is still somewhat unfamiliar to students can be difficult.When using a computer, however, the use of art can make this much more enjoyable. Using clip art can also help students to convey their thoughts more clearly. To highlight, students have a draw play of choices, such as underlining, italicizing, or changing the font size, color or type. Using a computer as a medium for studying grammar is much more motivating for a student as opposed to writing with a pencil. Computer-assisted instruction has been shown in a range of studies to facilitate learning in a variety of ways.Computers can be used to aide in doctrine English Language Learners in core academic subjects, such as reading and writing. Computers can aide in vocabulary development as well as verbal language development. Ultimately, however, it is important to recognize that computers are not a substitute for effective teaching. Computers are a toolthey are simply one type of supplement to the regular curriculum in teaching English Language Learners as they develop their English language skills.

Ciara Favorite Artist Music

My just about appreciated straining on this earth today is Gimme Dat, by Ciara. This is my most appreciated song because this song fits my personality. It has a combination and a justified amount of both dancing and singing. The song itself puts on a certain motion toward the listeners, and it gives meaning to the singer/songwriter. The style of this song is a very up-beat tempo its a hip-hop song. Its a song that Deejays would play in clubs and at bumpies because people can actually feel the beat of this song and turn it into one of their own.The artist of the song (Ciara) is a very well know artist. Ciara is one of the sexiest female hip-hop & R&B artist that are alive and in action today. She has been making music, singing music, and even choreographing music with her exquisite styles ever since 2002. Ciara is a great artist and I think that all her fans would agree with me on that. The song titled, Gimme Dat is about Ciara coming back into turn up biz.Ciara has been away fo r a while creating her new album, and when she got herself back into the spotlight, she started with this song to let people know that shes back and ready to do anything. My favorite part of the song is when Ciara says I been gone for too long, but its time to bring it back gimme dat bass When Ciara uses these words together and then begins to dance right(a) along with it it brings so much power to her video, song and performance.Thats what I really resembling about music the performance, the power of the song, the meaning, the routines to the song, etc. This is my favorite song because Ciara really puts joy and a shining light into my heart. She makes me feel like I can come right out and do what I require to do, make whatever I want to make and just give my fans the performance they need. I feel inspired when I listen to this song because I love dancing, I love singing, I love goofing around and giving my audience/listeners something they would want to hear.The song says yeah, yeah, you like it when I move it to the beat like dat, got that bong up in your trunk, drop them speakers and turn it up, gimme dat bass This song just keeps me in my hype mode it keeps me going every day. all single moment I listen to it Im either always dancing to it, singing to it or fantasing about how great it would be to form been in that video or created my own, thats similar to it but of course I would try to have the best song ever and even though Ciara is great I think I can beat her to that one Grammy

The Cost of Independence

The Cost of emancipation concerns and fears of frugal stage phone linemen Martina Macakova What assembly line trineership in Scotland unfeignedly seek to hear is a irresponsible discussion on the future for Scotland and what composition they can extend in shaping it, not a re-run of old arguments ab protrude potential damage to the economy of inherent change. introduction Ewan Hunter, Director of HunterSearch This essay deals with a discussion about stinting emancipation through the sight of local commerce leaders.Its aim is to analyze their opinion on Scottish tendencies towards license, if and to what extent could they influence the results of upcoming referendum and whether Scotlands business companies could play a role of an ally of the UK g overnment. It provides the analysis of the on-going situation, particularly in the light of recent notwithstandingts, as the First Minister Alex Salmond, leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), in the beginning of January announced that the referendum on Scottish Independence should be held in autumn 2014.In this essay I will attempt to come with a prediction of the possible future development of the opinion of Scottish leading business companies. For that purpose I have examined mostly newspaper articles, opinion polls, governingal documents and existence speeches given by the local business translators. As a secondary source and the introduction to the bailiwick of Scottish Independence I found very valuable a publication written by Jo Eric Murkens, Peter Jones and Michael Keating Scottish Independence A Practical Guide. A division of state into deuce sovereign parts would be very complicated and long-term process.It is a process fraught with problems and controversy. Whether it is a rive up of marriage or of nations, the major bone of contemption is always the selfsame(prenominal) who pushs what. The division of Czechoslovakia in novel 1992 and 1993 could serve as a precedent for similar action, anyhow the situation of the Union and peeer Czechoslovakia differs. In Scotlands case, controversial may be especially the separation of state debt and North Sea fossil oil reserves the future of military bases on the island of Clyde, home of British nuclear missiles question of the membership in the European Union and currency issue.Despite the fact that the license is primarily a question of national individuality and governmental change, we cannot forget that sparing prosperity is prerequisite for well-functioning state. Its Scotlands oil If in that location was an independent Scotland would it be economic failure or success? It office sound a paradoxical thing to say only when the core issue related to the economics cannot be really answered correctly. According to Peter Jones, the starting come out for dealing with the economics of independence lacks to be existing Scotland.And current Scotland is a Scotland that operates within the coupled King dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is explicit that public spending would demand greater income as two new types of costs would affect the public sector. First of all, there ar costs incurred by the need to add on functions (such as defense) and those incurred by the need to disentangle the Scottish element of such UK-wide bodies (for voice Inland Revenue). Undoubtedly, Scottish government can count on the benefits from obtaining control of offshore oil and assail resources.The representatives of SNP repeatedly assert the Scotland would be among the worlds richest countries. Additional GDP acquired from the profit made by oil companies offshore is nearthing what we can more or less rely on. Before his re-election campaign Alex Salmond grasped the perspective to dust off SNPs old slogan Its Scotlands Oil. It was a hopeful move. As the election results showed the resurrecting claim that all North Sea oil as well as its revenues belongs solely to Scotland, was what Scottish voters wanted to hear. Oil and gas resources themselves dont guarantee long unyielding wealth.Douglas Fraser, Scotland Business and Economy Editor at BBC, expressed his concerns that there is an elephant in the room that needs to be discussed. The price of oil is volatile and volatile price of oil means volatile income. Moreover, the trend is distinctly for the volume of oil and gas production to fall, though that is partly offset by higher modal(a) prices, higher appraise rates, and so buoyant revenues. Yet, an economy of an independent Scotland would be dependent on sum of variable factors whose precise effects cannot be forecast. Among those unpredictable factors is a haracter of the negotiations that can either minimaze or expand the degree of un proof. The level of uncertainty affects business confidence and investment and it is something that has been often mentioned by the Scottish business representatives while comenting on the question of independence. As P eter Jones points out, another parameter which stands completely out of political control is whether the general economic environment is good or bad. In adverse ages, business would be passing nervous about independence as would the international markets. In this situation the price of independence could be quite high.The aim of idependence is to change the monetary, fiscal and regulatory regime which is currently the same as the in rest of the UK. The Scottish voters ar likely to approve a different kind of a devolution model, which would provide more powers for the Scottish Parliament, particularly in terms of tax-varying powers and fiscal policy in general. The conclusions of a poll conducted by Ipsos MORI in November 2009 are that 66 per cent of the respondents are in choose of the Scottish Parliament having increased its powers, whether in terms of throw out devolution or fully independence.The attempts to get the public involved and the referendum itself should be appreci ated. That is the major difference in comparison with the zero involvement of Czechoslovak citizens when the disintegration of Czechoslovakia was distinguishable about. More explanation about the proposed concept of independence provides the Scotlands Future Draft Referendum (Scotland) schnozzle Consultation Paper. Independence in terms of the proposal would mean that the Scottish Parliament and authorities would be responsible for all areas of legislation, including foreign affairs, defence and gross, and the Queen would remain the head of the state.The current political and monetary sexual union would be replaced by a social and monarchical union. Although the monetary union would no longer exist, Scotland would keep operating within the Sterling system until it would be decided in a referendum that Euro would be accepted. Although, SNP leaders would most likely to follow the peacefull process of velvet divorce of Czechs and Slovaks, it doesnt seem that monetary question wo uld be the case as the issue of currency remains unclear.While the Czechs and Slovaks at one time began to create their own currency, the Scots first considered adopting the euro. In connection with run lowing Eurozone crisis First Minister Alex Salmond changed his rhetorics and forthwith claims that they would keep the pound. The SNP proposes sticking with superlative until Scots choose, by referendum, to unification the euro. According to Douglas Fraser from BBC, his problem, in explaining this policy, is that remaining with sterling leaves the treasury and Bank of England in London to set Scotlands monetary policy, while having no influence over it.THE business of (un)certainty Until recent time, there has been almost deafening silence on whether Scotland should become an independent farming from local business companies. We could argue whether the reason for the lies in potencional risk of going out on a limb, as Douglas Fraser suggest in one of his articles, or if it mor e simple than that and the business leaders are just too occupied with the current financial crisis. Fraser writes in his article titled Holyroods challenge to business Iain McMillan seeks to balance support of some policy with pungent criticism.On balance, he says members say the potential advantages of devolved business taxation are outweighed by the likely costs. But it is the criticism that gets McMillan noticed, and nationalist voices can increasingly be perceive questioning the legitimacy of the CBI as a voice for business in Scotland. The Federation of Small Businesses, the Scottish Council Development and Industry and Scottish Chambers of Commerce are careful to sit on the fence, plausibly because their memberships are split on constitutional questions.It is also because the implications of the Scotland Bill, or of increased devolution of taxation powers, are so unclear. Representing the banks, insurers and asset managers, Scottish Financial Enterprise wants to get along if the tax base could be changed as well as the rate. Would there be additional complexity, and at what costs to business? How volatile would tax receipts be, and can a value be placed on the value of being part of a larger, more diverse tax base, as at present?Even asking questions, which might be seen as hostile or at least awkward, is risky territory for business. SFE Chairman, Mark Tennant, expressed his concernes regarding independence at the end of his speech at the annual dinner in December last course Our approach, however, should be empirical and focused on facts and the removal of uncertainties. Our role is to identify the questions that need to be answered and ensure that the electorate receives an answer before they vote. Also Danny Alexander who is MP for Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey, and Chief Secretary to he Treasury shares opinion that uncertainty hurts economy and remarks that if the Eurozone has taught us anything, it is that monetary union betwee n fiscally independent states is an extremely difficult challenge. He argues that Scottish Government says it would continue to operate within the sterling currency area, but doesnt say how. His message to the Scottish leader think carefully before sacrificing stability through independence. Regarding to the timing of the referendum, David Lonsdale, assistant director of Glasgow-based CBI Scotland, said in an interview. We want it sooner rather than later. From the chin wags above is obvious that umbrella organizations associating Scottish business companies such as CBI and SFE are taking the side of UK government claiming that referendum should be held as soon as possible and at the same time expressing serious concers about the benefits of clownishs independence. For a long time it seemed that the individual business leaders adopted an ostrich scheme because few Scottish business leaders have spoken publicly about constitutional change.However, year 2012 brought a turnover a s some one of managers decided to stir up the still water a bit. Martin Gilbert, chief executive officer of Aberdeen Asset Management Plc, Scotlands largest fund manager, spoke out Whether it is independence or not is a matter for the voters to decide. I would like to see all the figures so you can make an informed judgment. At the moment you dont know what the true figures are. Boyd Tunnock, representative of the Scottish maker of Caramel Wafers and Snowballs, commented in e-mail statement Scotland and Scottish business needs certainty and clarity.We need the independence referendum to be held as soon as is reasonable so that investors know where they stand. To some extent the uncertainty was diminished by the Salmonds clear statement about the referendum date. One of awkwards leading businessmen Jim McColl welcomed the Scottish Governments upcoming consultation on Scotlands constitutional future by saying Many of us in business are confident(p) a prosperous future for this cou ntry depends on more powers for the parliament. Article Business leaders join in referendum pass published on Tuesday this week shows slighty more positive attitudes towards the constitutional change and wickedness versa express criticism towards the representatives of CBI, SFE and Westminster politicians Members of Scotlands business community have refuted questions over the timing of an independence referendum and called for an end to scaremongering and a proper discussion on the merits of taking all decisions about Scotland within Scotland. There is little warm picture that the referendum or the prospect of Scottish independence is damaging the Scottish economy.Business leaders have in the main expressed either a neutral or a positive attitude towards constitutional change in Scotland. The author of the article supports his argument by quoting some of the local business leaders Recently David Watt, Executive Director of the Institute of Directors in Scotland was asked by th e BBCs Huw Edwards whether he was concerned by the prospect of a Scottish referendum in autumn 2014, as opposed to the Westminster governments preference for a vote as soon as possible.Mr Watt said that he thought that the date of the referendum made no difference. Having a timetable leading up to the second half of 2014 allowed businesses to plan. Similar opinion has Dan Macdonald of Macdonald Estates The fact is the biggest decision in triplet centuries lies before us and we owe it to our children, and those who succeeded us to burgeon forth whatever time is required to discuss the form and detail of what will be our New Scotland. In order to do that London politicians need to bankrupt peddling scare stories and focus on a meaningful debate about Scotlands future. On the same is also owner of The Residence Glasgow, Sarah Jane Walls who feels that there should be less negative scaremongering and more positive debate about Scotlands future, continuing that she is excited about t he possibilities for Scotland as independent country. According to the survey processed for the Business Insider that covered opinions of business on Scotlands independence, the majority of businesses (67 per cent) think independence for Scotland would not have a positive effect on their business with only five per cent saying it would be positive and 17 per cent unsure.Questionnaires were sent to companies listed in Insiders TOP500, SME300 and SPRINT100 lists. One of the CEO with this opinion poll further commented Achieving Scottish independence will not, in itself, prove to be the panacea for the challenges being faced. After all, there is little or no evidence to show any change will be positive. Therefore, to armed service improve our economy appoint independent Scottish and international business experts to properly advise our inexperient politicians to tackle the real, everyday issues of business rather than spend unnecessary time debating the future of Scotland without ny clear evidence to support how, and indeed why, the status quo should be changed. The contrary opinion expressed David Watt, executive director in Scotland of the Institute of Directors, by saying that none of the institutes 1600 members have expressed any concern as to a delay in a referendum vote. A spokesperson for UK Oil & Gas said although the body has no member consensus on the issue of independence, none of its members has raised the issue as a specific concern. resultant The aim of this essay was to deal with the issue of Scotlands independence from the perspective of local business leaders.By analyzing especially newspapers articles that are dealing with the topic I learned that there are three possible attitudes towards Scotland graceful independent. One side represented mostly by CBI and SFE publicly claims that independence vote could harm Scottish economy. The opposite camp, which is primarily constituted of blue-chip companies, suggests the contrary. These positively thinking business leaders are denying comments that a delay on independence and the independence in general will destabilise the Scottish economy. The tierce group is classified by being neutral or by refusing to comment on the independence question.It is logical that CBI and SFE are speaking less in favour of independence and the later date of referendum as they have closer relations with the government in London than the individual organization do. In my opinion, even the business leaders that proclamated their support for independence cause and Salmons referendum timing feel at least some doubts. Also I think that a lot of the is actually tired of the independence talk and they would rather here from both UKs and Scottish Government some warranties in the time of economic crisis and that the politicians will support their efforts to kick-start the ailing economy.From the side of the local business leaders there is understandable demand for answers on number of important questi on. That brings us back to the introduction of the essay where I comment that most of the issues regarding the economic situation of independent Scotland cannot be precisely predicted. However it sounds disappointing. Many options might take place and the situation depends on various factors that Scottish Government cannot influence. We dont even know the answer to the fundamental question whether there will be an independent Scotland. UKs government is stringently against the eparation of the Union, neither the Scots itself are united on the matter and as stands out from the lines above, nor the Scottish businessmen. Still, the independence is surely more realistic than it was couple months ago. I believe that CBI and SFE could be potencial partner of the central government during the future negotiations over independence. They associate number of important companies and they could have certain influence on their members. On the other hand, there is a quite large number of compan ies, which are managed by people who decided to prove that the idiom You cant fight City Hall is a false statement.My belief also is that business could influence the negotiations, however I wouldnt say that companies could be determine the public opinion in general. Which side in end the majority of the business leaders joins will depend on numerous factors, especially on how skilfull in answering difficult questions will Scottish political representatives be. SNP with Alex Salmond in lead is trying something that no-one has ever tried before. To conclude I would say that I propably wouldnt bet on my own prediction because predicting something in terms of the economic situation of independend Scotland is like predicting the unpredictable.References Murkens, Jo E. Jones, Peter Keating, Michael. Scottish Independence A Practical Guide. Edingburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. Tom Clark. If one day it really is Scotlands oil what will we do with it? The Herald Scotland, 29 Octo ber 2011. Available online http//www. heraldscotland. com/news/home-news/if-one-day-it-really-is-scotlands-oil-what-will-we-do-with-it. 15567484 (accessed on 16 January 2012). Douglas Fraser. What would happen to Scotlands economy after independence? BBC. 15 January 2012.Available online http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-16548644 (accessed on 16 January 2012). Douglas Fraser. Holyroods challenge to business. BBC. 30 September 2011. Available online http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-15122749 (accessed on 10 January 2012). Scotlands Future Draft Referendum (Scotland) Bill Consultation Paper. 15 February 2010. Available online http//www. scotland. gov. uk/Publications/2010/02/22120157/0 (accessed on 10 January 2012). Danny Alexander. Uncertainty hurts economy. Scotland on

No Good Reasons To Believe in Dualism Essay

Are at that place any good reasons to believe in dualism?Dualism, the philosophical theory that states that there are two kinds of stub amiable and physical, is now largely discredited by the conceptions leading philosophers.It first came to expulsion through Ren Descartes in his Meditations as he tried to come to terms with the fact that most of his companionship was either false or that he did not have enough evidence to believe in it firmly enough. For many centuries the idea was debated and reclassified, changing slightly from philosopher to philosopher and macrocosm all rejected by others. The ersatz to dualism is monism, the idea that mental and physical substances are whiz and the same that is that the mind is or is contained within (in the waver of), the virtuoso.At first it appeared that dualism was thusly a logical innovationion, as features of the mind and the body seemed very contrary indeed. Descartes pointed forbidden that while one could imagine oneself with push through physical features, it was impossible to imagine oneself without a mind indeed the very action of attempting this was enough to prove that a mind was present. This was the basis of Descartes theory to draw out basic knowledge that he could not be deceived about. Due to this clear-cution it seemed logical to conclude, using Leibnizs Law, that physical and mental entities were indeed separate. However, Descartes had made a mistake in assuming that his clear and distinct perceptions of a thing made that thing possible.For example, I can clearly and distinctly conceive of a unicorn, exactly that does not mean that they exist. (Lewis Carroll parodied this in Through the Looking Glass, in which the Red Queen tells Alice she imagines several(prenominal) impossible things before breakfast. Presumably she has a clear and distinct perception of these things, as when Alice attempts it, she is told she is not toilsome hard enough.) Also, I can just as clearly perceive of so mething not being as of it being, and as something cannot both be and not be, it would seem that this theory for basing something upon an unalterable internal proposition fall down. So, the argument from clear and distinct perception cannot be used here as it is just as easy to conceive of the mind and body being separate as it is for them to be one and the same. on that point are many scientific and logical arguments in favour of monism, Occams Razor, for example, a theory which asks us to take the simpler solution to a problem everyplace the more(prenominal)(prenominal) complicated theory. For example, before the biology of animals was worked out scientifically, it was believed that all living creatures had an attribute called vitalism, which kept it alive. Now we know the biology, we can use this much simpler explanation. hither it can be applied easily obviously it is simpler to believe in one substance than two, one of which does not conform to the laws of physics.There is also scientific evidence that shows us how damaging or experimenting with the brain, which is undeniably physical, can affect a persons mental behaviour. Performing a lobotomy, for instance, can totally alter a persons personality turning them from being calm and rational to being crude and rash, or vice versa. Similarly, stimulating neurons on the Thingybob Strip, which crosses the top of the brain, can cause sensations all over the body. It may be that prodding a vocalism of this strip can make your elbow shakiness in a most delightful manner or make your thumb feel as if it is being dragged through warm treacle. It would seem from this that the these feelings are to be found in the prodded part of the brain and this is where the mental is to be found within the physical.These reasons show that monism is probably the more scientifically favourable position, but are there any reasons that can show Dualism to be the more logical choice? Leibnizs Law might argue for dualism in tha t there being differences between the physical and the mental, they must thence be separate substances.For example, having a chunk of the physical removed does not mean a part of the mental has also been removed. In fact, an awful lot of the physical body can be harmed, thus far in the brain, before there is a definite mental side effect. Surely, say the dualists, if the some move of the mental were contained within received parts of the brain, for example, if the capacity to degustation lentils were find solely in a small part of the brain, and that part were to be removed we would no longer have the capacity to taste lentils. But a lot of the brain can be removed, and so, if there were set areas we would be removing certain abilities of the mental. Therefore, the mental must be separate from the physical.However, it is true that removing some areas of the brain will prevent the mental from performing certain capabilities. It is possible to find out which areas of the brain a re functioning when fuelled by situation stimuli, and if, when doing this we slice out those areas of the brain, in some (but not all) cases, those functions will no longer be possible. Also, the left(p) side of the brain and the right side provide vastly different functions one being more practical and other being more intellectual. This would seem to back up the monist theory that the mind is located within certain parts of the brain.Another counter argument to Dualism could be contained within Feigls concept of Nomological Danglers. If the mental is indeed distinct from the physical it cannot be present within the same world as the physical things we know of, as removing physicals things would inevitably reveal the mental substance. Therefore it follows that it is connected to this physical world in some other way. However, Feigl tells us that it is ridiculous to believe that there is a separate eccentric person of law for these substances, which allows them to exist dependen tly of the rest of physics. Surely the mental substances cannot be dangling outside of the realms of reality?These spate of arguments for monism overwhelm the poorer, outdated arguments for dualism, which stem from a less scientifically advanced age, in which the solutions appeared to work logically, base on a more internal philosophy of contemplation, which is now being replaced by a more practical philosophy, backed up by the sciences.Hence it is not unfair to say that previous ideas that worked in favour of dualism are no longer good reasons to believe the theory and that as we have correct reasons to take the theory of monism seriously, we must subscribe to it, and not dualism, as the correct theory.

History and Literature V.S. Science and Mathematics Essay

Nowadays, students bind the rights to choose different subjects they would like to study at university. Some like science subjects can shew to study science and mathematics meanwhile, some provide prefer to study about history and literary works. Person totallyy, I look that it is more important for every student to take part in history and literature class since these subjects will educate students about the past of history and give them rich sources of socialization values. more or less importantly, history is all records of the past about our area. Learning this subject, students will know about the historical growth process of country, such as, when our country established, how our ancients had defended the enemy bravely. All of those like real evidences to tell us again about their sacrifices for the countrys independence and freedom for the next generations.Knowing thoroughly about history teaches us about the loyalty, and how commodious the deaths of the last gener ations are. Today, we do not have to go to battle to raise up again the enemy, but it is very important to help country become powerful on the frugal battle after long time our country underwent the severe war. If every student understands history of their country, they will recognize the importance of their roles in the common development process of country by studying tumesce and become successful people in the future. That will be grateful awards for those who have commit themselves for countrys liberty in the past.Besides that, literature is also important to learn at university since it is the great heathenish materials from the past to now. Unlike history teaches us historical stories, literature educates us about cultural values. Through great verses, or poses, we learn about the beauties around our life, our family, such as the motherhood, neighborhood, and couple be intimate. Whenever I read a nice verse about homeland, I feel very kindle and become loving my homeland more and more. All of them are really the vital food for our psychic life which cannot obtain by simply studying equations or algorithms in mathematics. In conclusion, I think history and literature would be put in the curriculum in university since it is very necessary for all of us to know about history of country. Moreover, they also teach us valuable lessons about culture values in life which I sure that if our study is without literature our culture must be very different and boring.

Go Tell It on the Mountain

Twenty years after the book, tush views on racism, religion, society, personal relationships, and sex impart be different from twenty years before. prat gains more than experiences and companionship, so he provide have better understanding of these issues. Most organizations and tendencys are nominate in the 1950s. washbowl testament become a civil rights activist to fight for equal rights. He entrust also be rubbish for gay rights. The religion awakening occurs in the 1950s. tooshie might form his bear religion or becomes agnostic.He will form organizations and charities to help African American communities. He will rebuild relationships with those that he hates in the past. Racism in 1950s dummy up remained strong, but this issue was hotness up. There were many civil unrest at that time. It was the beginning of civil rights movement. Blacks were frustrated the fact that they still havent got the equal rights the government promise. Johns past experiences will guide to him the coach principal of the movement. In the past, He thought the blacks were inherently inferior than the whites.For example, he was happy when the white school ruler told him that he was a very bright boy, but when his bleached neighbor told him he would be a great leader, he was unmoved. If he was able to enroll into college after the book, he probably changed views on blacks. The knowledge that he gain and personal experiences should helped him to piece everything together. In his 34th birthday, he is no longer ignorant. He knows that his race is not inferior than the whites. Poverty, lack of education, limited rights and other obstacles are what stop blacks from moving on and be successful.This will motivate him to become a civil rights activist to fight for equality. In the book, he didnt seem to have any negative feelings against his whites. As he grows older, he might give voice hatred for whites, because he will suffer more prejudice and racism from whites when h e starts to work in the outside world. Religion becomes popular again in the 1950s. Interest in religion was suddenly so high that, a new awakening was born. According to the book, John seems to have interest in religion. He falls asleep and does not concentrate on his religious studies.He doesnt inadequacy to be a preacher the like his dad, Gabriel. He questions the church, because it does things that contradict the i contest beliefs. For example Gabriel is Christian, but he beats his own wife and clawren. He even stole money from his wife. Hes a hypocrite only if like the other ministers in church. During the twenty-four elders meeting revival meeting, the ministers are well-dress, well-fed, and full of themselves more than the sanctum spirit. The ministers are supposed to be messengers of god that forsaken worldly pleasures to serve the god and people. They even mocked Deborah of her rape.John will virtually likely become agnostic, or form his own religion that base on ideal beliefs. disbelief is a view that humans currently do not have enough knowledge to cut if beliefs of deities exist or not. If John has kids, he will teach his kids the knowledge of religion, but he will give them the choice to believe it or not. He will not force his kids to believe it like Gabriel did to John. Many religious parents are like Gabriel that only give their kids one-sided views and brainwash them when they are young. They ever say terms, such as Christian child, Muslim child or whatever child.Those child are just kids, of course they will just listen to their parents blindly. The parents already make the decisions for them. John will give his kids the best resources, spent time with each of them, and put all his heart to raise them. nonetheless though he hates his dad, but he will respect some qualities of his dad. He will particularize free him, because he realizes that the environment is what creates the monster inside his dad. Gabriel spent his lifetime full with hate, hostility, unfulfilled ambitions and dreams, unrealized hopes and expectations, heartbreak, humiliation, and existence demeaned and devalued.All these factors created all those negative traits. Gabriel could have been successful, but his path was paved by the white authorities and systems. John will visit his dad, and build a better relationship with his dad. Many blacks are in homogeneous situations like John. They are poor, live in ghetto, dont have enough food, have to deal with whites and many other problems. John will form organizations and charities to donate resources to black communities or other colored communities. He will set up schools for colored people too. He encourages kids to go to school, be who they want to be.He knows blacks need education in order for them to break the system and pull themselves out of poverty. They cant change the system if they dont know how the system works. Schools strengthen the new generations on fighting for equal rights. Joh n wants students to decide who they want to be, instead of letting their parents make the choices for them. Programs will be set up to teach parents how to deal with their kids efficiently and prevent child abuse. LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender community) rights movements were the most notable in 1950s. It took berth all over the world, not just America.John acknowledges himself as a butch, but may not openly admit it. He didnt accept his homosexual feelings when he was young. The society caused him to be ashamed of his homosexual feelings. Homosexual was forbidden in communities all over America regardless of what community you live in except gay communities. Discrimination against homosexuals is heating up in 1950s similar to civil rights movement. John may not able to join the gay organizations, because homosexual whites may not accept him. He will form his own colored gay organizations. He loved Elisha he masturbated in school lavatories thinking of Elisha and older boys.He might confess his love for him even though he knows Elisha is not gay. Johns life revolves around a society that is full with racism, sexism, and other types of discrimination. He has to go though one of the crucial times of US history. The fact that he is black and gay already has a huge impact on his life during 1950s. The 50s were the time of minorities, such as colored people, and LGBT communities dealing with issues that US government ignored before that time period. He will be at the center of the movement guiding those that are in the similar situations as him.

A Day in the Life of Fahad

Beep, beep, beep, beep Oh man, is it 7.30 am already is what I say to myself in the early morning of an average nurture day.During an average inform morning, I look, talk and manner of walking like a tramp.At 7.45 am I walk into the tub where I do my personal business such as doing my toothbrush, washing my face with soap and past either have a shower or have a bath, when Ive had a shower or whatever I go to the mirror and flex my muscles and comb my hair and if I have to throw slightly hair gel on after Ive done this I put some nervus facialis cream on to stop dry skin from attacking me.When I proceed reveal the trick I run straight into my bedroom, I thence put some spray on my embody after this part of the morning I get changed into those things c every(prenominal)ed a school uniform which all school pupils probably dread wearing, once I have successfully completed this I look for my piazza which I normally place beside my bed and place them into my feet and do up the shoe laces I get hold of my bag and motivate myself to carefully walk down the stairs and make sure I dont light up my brothers up and go into the kitchen snatch the cereal box from my mum and with a mess move it into a plate then get the milk expose of the fridge and in the same way pour it over the cereal and then just eat it like Ive never eaten in my life onwardWhen that horrendous scene has gone past I say all my goodbyes and get ready for what I say an assault course because I on my way to school I go in and out of muddy areas. Every conviction I walk to school I have to go to the shops because I get tired and out of juice and once Ive got my energy back I start travel faster and when I reach school I go straight into my form room with a big bang on the chair which shows how much effort I put into walking to school.If I get late for a lesson my best excuse is that Miss, everyone came late to registration and when they came they all started messing around, and by the ti me we got our registration done, every one was already 5 minutes into their lessons.This master excuse always whole shebang for me whenever I am late for a lesson.Today for the first 2 lessons I have English, then I have got break time, then the second 2 lessons I have Science and annals and for the last 2 lessons I have got RE (full course) and Business Communication Systems.For some strange causation the first 2 lessons go awfully slow and so do the last 2 lessons.On the last lesson everyone is tired and cant wait till scale time, at this time nobody talks and all you hear is tick tock tick tock and then when its time to go everyone cheers and go running to their cars or wheresoever they go at folk time.Well for me, I go to the school gates and wait for my friends and walk up to where we all split up one of my friends goes to the left, the other friend goes right and I go straight up ahead, once I get to the shops, I would always get a software system of chewing gum and a bo ttle of Fanta Fruit Twist which is my best drink.When I get home my mum would prepare me a cup of tea with some biscuits, after this small feast I run back into my bedroom and get changed into something more suitable for me and go get my very midst jacket, the reason I take this jacket is because everyone is bound to get hit with a stick by the mosque teacher either for not reading properly or talking to a friend, I go mosque to read the Quran and learn about Islam and read Urdu too.after mosque I go to my friends house and play out till about 8.00 pm when I get back from my friends house I come home and eat some chappatees and some drink to go with it. During my food time I watch some TV and its normally Eastenders.I then go upstairs and do all my school homework.After this I get changed into my night-clothes and go to sleep.Beep, beep, beep, beep Oh man, is it 7.30 am already.If you think about school, its like a test, if you get it all wrong then you wont get a good job, if not that then youll get aught at all.So you have to accept getting up early and doing the best you can at every thing even if you dont like it.